ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

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The objective that a machine is capable of make decisions based on criteria developed through learning and not, on the basis of programmed algorithms, what we call artificial intelligence.

The sectors where Artificial Intelligence will have the greatest impact

Since the invention of the electronic calculator and, subsequently, the first computers, Mankind has been taking full advantage of the possibilities offered by technology for calculations, data processing and many other tasks, that although we could realise with our own minds, We prefer not to do so because of their complexity, slowness or because they are too tedious. In this way, we have increasingly delegated more and more tasks to the machine, to the point where they have become essential for most of us, in carrying out many of the intellectual activities necessary for our personal and professional lives.

Since the birth of the Internet, in addition to the development of technologies, such as Cloud Computing and Big Data, we have experienced a The progression in the advancement of technology that has brought us to a situation where it is no longer possible to disconnect from computer systems if we want to continue to maintain our way of life. But this dependence has been generated so progressively that we have taken it for granted.

However, now, thanks to the progress of technologies such as the Machine Learning, we are taking a much bigger leap, since, by being carried out directly on technologies that are exponential can lead us to a scenario more typical of science fiction than of the logical vision that our reasoning can provide us with.

This is why many people, are being tThe direct impact of the capabilities of technology to overcome the intellectual capabilities of machines, have begun to alarming society of the dangers we assume if we allow it to develop without any control or legislation.

For example, if we look at how belligerent entrepreneur Elon Musk is being about the danger that Artificial Intelligence poses to the survival of humanity, we can understand his attitude because he has witnessed his Tesla factories manufacturing cars by thousands of robots in a way that human intervention is hardly necessary, which has to be very shocking, by checking how machines are becoming indispensable and can do many things that were unthinkable before.

Similarly, the scientist Stephen Hawking has repeatedly warned of the destructive potential of an Artificial Intelligence that could make its own decisions against humanity. This is easy to understand, if we put ourselves in the shoes of a person who has completely lost mobility in his body, but can continue to maintain his scientific activity at a high level, thanks precisely to the great advances in technology, for example at the level of natural language processing.

Therefore, as far as the development of Artificial Intelligence is concerned, we find ourselves at a moment that is as exciting as it is worrying, surely, to the same level as when mankind discovered it could take control of nuclear energy, which helps us to be aware of the great responsibility that this entails. It is therefore importantwhich we learn more and more about Artificial Intelligence technology. that is currently being created and what are their possibilities for development so that, through this knowledge, we can have a greater capacity, when the time comes, to have to make some kind of regulation or limitation in this respect.

In any case, if we think positively, we will realise that Artificial Intelligence can make a major contribution to improving people's lives and helping humanity to meet the great challenges of the future. This is the case when we look, for example, at the large climate change issues, on which we could intervene through so-called geoengineering or climate engineering, which proposes to modify the climate in order to, for example, reverse the effects of global warming. The The problem with geoengineering lies in the "side effects" of geoengineering. that could be produced on the planet, in the event that any of the techniques used were to get out of our control, which would at the moment seems to be a difficult problem to manage.

And this is where Artificial Intelligence comes into play, as a possible solution thanks to which having a better understanding of the consequences of the application of the different techniques that can be implemented as part of a geoengineering strategy. Thanks to Artificial Intelligence, it would be possible to recreate the many scenarios that can occur over time, their consequences and possible ways to avoid them or intervene if necessary. All this, with an important dose of learning and decision making, so necessary when we are talking about a totally new discipline, which, if attempted in a conventional way, could generate even more problems than it solves.

However, beyond this very specific and still incipient application, there are many other applications in which the different technologies that make up Artificial Intelligence already have a certain amount of experience and can be applied in a variety of ways. achieve mass implementation in the short term. What we are going to look at is how this technology is being applied in the sectors that we believe it is having or may have the most influence in the future.

Health

If we have fear of the possible evils for mankind of an uncontrolled development of Artificial Intelligence, can be offset that fear with the hope that thanks to the development of these technologies, we will be able to put an end to many of the diseases that people now suffer from, just as they affect the rest of the living beings that help to make life on our planet sustainable. The key to the use of different AI techniques, such as image recognition and machine learning, lies in their power to exponentially increase the ability of scientists to researching, experimenting and finding solutions to the health problems they work on.

Like the use of X-rays has been a The current image recognition capability using neural networks is a quantum leap forward in disease diagnosis, is enabling a similar advance in diagnosing skin-related diseases.

Imagine if one day every time we took a photo of ourselves and uploaded it to the Amazon, Google or Apple cloud, or Instagram itself, an (anonymised) skin analysis would be done. using image recognition techniques, There is no doubt that millions of lives could be saved by early diagnosis of this disease!!!

In order to be even more aware of the great utility that Artificial Intelligence will offer in the field of medicine and health, we will now take a look at some recent news on the subject:

Scientists from the Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, led by Mirko Zimic Peralta, use Artificial Intelligence technologies for the development of a tele-diagnostic system, applied in remote areas of the country, which may confirm the tuberculosis and multidrug resistance in patients within seven days, versus two to three months that it is necessary to wait for today to obtain the diagnosis with conventional methods. Thanks to this technique, it will also be possible in the future to diagnose other diseases, such as cervical cancer, skin cancer and autism, among others.

Google researchers have developed an algorithm that detects the earliest symptoms of diabetic retinopathy on its own, a form of blindness which affects almost one third of patients with diabetes. This automated detection system scans retinal images for discover if there are manifestations of diabetic retinopathy, which affects almost one third of patients with diabetes.

Scientists at the University of Tokyo's Institute of Medical Sciences have successfully used a new experimental diagnostic procedure which consists of an algorithm that is able to analyse massive medical data, using Watson technology developed by IBM. Thanks to the technology developed, the life of a patient suffering from a rare form of leukaemia, which had not been properly diagnosed by conventional methods, has been saved.

Facebook engineers have developed an algorithm that is able to find warning signs in the posts of its users who may be thinking about suicide. In this way, thanks to the use of Artificial Intelligence, the company will be able to find and get in contact with those persons who may be at risk of suicide to, subsequently, propose different ways of seeking help.

Researchers from the Medical Research Council in the UK have developed a system based on Artificial Intelligence which can predict when patients with a heart problem are likely to have a heart attack. The software that has been developed is capable of analysing blood samples and electrocardiograms with the The aim is to detect signals that indicate that the heart is about to fail. Thanks to this technology will be able to find out which patients need more urgent and aggressive treatments for their disease.

IBM researchers have used natural language processing software developed under the Watson project. to develop a tool called the Content Clarifier which has the ability to help people with cognitive or mental disabilities such as autism and dementia. To do this, it replaces the text or when it has linguistic turns of phrase, which these people cannot understand, by more literal terms and cleans up or breaks up longer sentences with multiple clauses and indirect language, to make them easier to understand.

Transport

The autonomous vehicles will radically change the way in which an activity as socially and economically relevant as road transport, both for private and business purposes, is currently organised. Also, The way in which cities are organised will undergo major changes as soon as they are organised, thanks to autonomous driving, The aim is to reduce or even eliminate traffic jams, avoid parking problems and even lower pollution levels.

This will not be exclusively due to the application of Artificial Intelligence in vehicles, but will coincide with the development of other technologies, such as IoT and Big Data, in the field of Smart Cities, to ensure that cities become more liveable spaces for people and that vehicles no longer take priority over how other social activity is organised. In addition, it is important to note that all of these Technological developments are taking place at a rapid pace, because the The investment by companies and institutions is enormous, with a This is not only about improving people's lives, but also about the business opportunities that will come with it.

Thus, since we wrote about autonomous driving a year ago in Futurizable, the vast majority of brands are making significant advances in this area, except for Lamborghini, which has assured that it will be the last car manufacturer to offer autonomous driving. This is being made possible thanks to the enormous investment being made by companies and a competition between the brands themselves from which users will benefit the most.

Here are some of the most recent initiatives by car manufacturers in relation to autonomous driving:

FORD AND THE VIRGINIA TECH TRANSPORTATION INSTITUTE

They work in the development of technologies that enable autonomous vehicles to communicate with pedestrians, with the aim of solving the problems that this type of driving may present in specific situations such as yielding the right of way. To this end, a advanced method of illumination, with which your vehicles signal to pedestrians that you are in autonomous driving mode, that you are going to yield or accelerate.

BMW COOPERATES WITH MOBILEYE

Which provides security systems for many automotive companies and has recently been bought by Intel, have begun to use in the field of driving the reinforced learninga particular approach within deep learning, where computers are not programmed by hand or given specific examples of what they are intended to learn, but instead, the computer alters its own behaviour as it checks which steps lead it reliably to a given goal. This technique has proven effective in training computers to do things that are difficult to do with code, such as beating a person in an Atari video game and the board game Go, the challenge now is to apply it to the field of autonomous driving.

TOYOTA

It is carrying out important advances in its autonomous driving system which currently has two versions called Guardian and Chauffeur.

• Guardian Mode: the driver remains in control of the vehicle and the autonomous driving system works in parallel, being able to detect if the user is distracted or drowsy in certain situations, so that it can spring into action if the driver does not react when cornering.
• Chauffeur mode: SAE Level 4/5 version of autonomous driving where all occupants of the car are passengers, the scenarios demonstrate the car's ability to drive autonomously on a closed route, negotiate road obstacles and change lanes safely, with another car travelling at the same speed alongside.

All these advances in autonomous driving by means of the application of Artificial Intelligence will also be strengthened by the developments in other technological disciplines, that working in coordination will greatly amplify the impact on aspects such as efficiency and safety. This is where we find above all the combination of IoT with Autonomous Driving which shows that Where the great potential lies is in making not only cars smart, but also everything around them.

Connected objects, objects that talk to each other and to their environment in a silent way, in such a way that they use the information they get from each other to adapt and modify their behaviour and performance, and even make decisions, depending on external and internal actors.

EDUCATION

We need to improve the education system, especially in Spain, we have a very serious problem that is becoming a burden for our future.

We have an education system in which people are treated as numbers, where the sole objective is to fill the knowledge students and provide them with a diploma. The problem is that in the age of the Internet, where all information is just a click away, we have seen that what is important is no longer knowledge but skills, which by consequence, makes the The former usefulness of degrees in terms of getting a job and developing a career has been undermined.

The solution to this major problem can be found in the personalisation, at understand that each person is unique, that has specific needs and different motivations. But customisation is not possible with the current model, in which the entire burden of managing the education of pupils falls on teachers, who due to lack of time, perhaps also lack of resources and certainly lack of motivation, are unable to adapt to the needs of each individual.

Until now, the way in which classes and textbooks have been structured have helped to alleviate this problem of lack of time, resources and motivation, but we have reached such a critical situation that it is unsustainable.

Fortunately, we now have the appropriate technological tools, to face a new form of education, which is personalised, just as in personalised medicine, thanks to technological advances, it is possible to offer medicines and treatments that are personalised for each patient, in education it will be possible to educate each pupil so that se can extract its full potential and can be prepare as well as possible for the future.

An example of the use of Artificial Intelligence in the world of education, is the activity developed by the startup Spanish Smartick, that has created an online learning method for mathematics. Their methodology uses Artificial Intelligence and Bigdata to detect the pace of learning, as well as the progress of the students, in order to propose a personalised study plan. The algorithm they have created learns with each child and with the data he collects from each session from the pupils to provide exercises according to their needs. The aim of this is to aim to bring out the best in every child, regardless of ability, age or grade level.

Another interesting example is the case of computer science professor Ashok Goel, who uses the virtual assistant Jill Watson, developed using IBM technology to make it easier for professors to respond to the more than 10,000 messages received in the Computer Science Online Master's forums. For the training of this Artificial Intelligence, 40,000 messages posted in the forums by the students were used. After a review phase of the answers made through a private forum, the corresponding adjustments were made to the technology in order to arrive at a current moment in which Jill answers students' questions with a 97% for accuracy.

INDUSTRY

Industry 4.0 means maximise the potential of technology to improve production, in terms of efficiency, safety, productivity and business generation. What is interesting, however, is that in spite of the complexity of a sector in which there is a myriad of different production models, to tackle all kinds of different products or sectors, a great deal of use is being made of all the advances that are being made in a wide variety of technologies. such as cloud computing, big data, IoT, robotics, virtual reality, augmented reality, nanotechnology, ... and undoubtedly Artificial Intelligence.

In fact Artificial Intelligence is going to be the most influential in transforming the industry, since, is the technology that can be integrated with the other technologies mentioned above to increase their power. In particular, in the case of the robotics, we understand the great difference between working with robots The latter are limited to complying with pre-established instructions, as opposed to having machines that have a certain autonomy in structuring the production work to be done, for example, make it more efficient or safer.

FINANCE

The roboadvisors are presented as a clear alternative to human financial advisors, in fact, they are by capturing a large part of the business they have generated by advising clients on investment and savings decisions. Now, there are algorithms, based on economic theories and stock market analysis, which apply the mathematics and statistics for optimising investments for investors and savers. Moreover, with the application of Artificial Intelligence to the world of investment, a curious situation arises, which may cause a huge turnaround in the financial markets.

We come from a model where many people have been cheated. or where The interests of companies have prevailed over those of individuals, mainly due to the lack of transparency and the difficulty people have in understanding how capital markets really work. So, we have reached a point where, thanks to the transparency and knowledge that the Internet has helped to generate, people are becoming better informed and less trusting of certain types of companies, therefore, The European Union is beginning to place its trust in the very technology and software that underpins the investment markets themselves.

This is where tools such as Blockchain, where no You need to trust the other person or company you are interacting with, because everything is automated and managed through Smart Contracts. In the same way, Roboadvisors emerge, based on mathematical investment models to, subsequently, to use machine learning tools in order to maximise the return on their clients' investments. Therefore, we are in a trend, where thanks to technology, we are going to be able to evolve to investment and now customised models, based on the needs of customers, rather than, as has been the case until now, based on the interests of companies.

Let us now look at other applications of Artificial Intelligence in the financial world:

Fraugster is a startup based in Germany and Israel, which has raised US$5 million in funds for develop a machine learning technology with which, through an artificial intelligence algorithm, analyses millions of transactions per day and learns from each one, with the aim of detecting fraud in financial transactions. To achieve thisThe report analyses more than 2,000 variables associated with the story behind each transaction, in order to be able to determine precisely what transactions are fraudulent and which are not, with information as to why a specific transaction was blocked or accepted.

Since the AI algorithm learns with each new transaction, it is expected to become virtually unbeatable in the near future, thus eradicating payment fraud.

Paypal is also successfully using Artificial Intelligence to fight transaction fraud. To this end, it has developed algorithms that exbring data from a customer's purchase history and, review patterns of likely fraud stored in their growing databases. Whereas, a model of linear analysis, it can use between 20 and 30 variables, deep learning technology can process thousands of different variables.

"What we like about more modern, advanced machine learning is its ability to consume more data, handle layers and layers of abstraction and be able to 'see' things that even humans aren't able to see. Hui Wang, head of Global Risk Sciences at PayPal.

And, to conclude this article, dedicated to how technologies such as Natural Language Processing, Neural Networks, Image Recognition, Machine Learning and Deep Learning are influencing the eThe evolution of some of the most important sectors of the economy, We invite you to take part in the following survey, thanks to which we will be able to get a broader view on this topic through the ideas contributed by Futurizable readers. Artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science that aims to reproduce the functioning of human neurons in machines in order to provide solutions to concrete problems by means of mathematical and logical mechanisms. 

The moves by large technology companies offer new opportunities: example of Facebook in this link (+).

EXAMPLES OF THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE:

Identifying spam emails, personalisation in social networks, suggestion or recommendation systems in Spotify or YouTube music or in e-commerce. Google makes massive use of artificial intelligence; AI is used for personalisation in cancer treatments, in GPS applications and customer service.

Artificial intelligence is essentially a simulation of human intelligence using computing machines. Its usefulness in business is enormous.

Let's take a look at some of the most prominent uses of AI:

AUTOMATION:

The application of artificial intelligence helps to automate processes. A large number of tasks that used to be performed manually are now programmed and are carried out in less time and with fewer resources. AI can be applied to a wide range of purposes: theft on a company's assembly line, streamlining smartphones, packaging processes, etc.

DATA ANALYSIS:

Nowadays, big data in organisations is absolutely necessary in the processing of large amounts of information on which to base important business decisions. This is why more and more organisations are investing in IT systems to process and analyse unstructured information.

SUPPORT TO HUMAN RESOURCES:

Contrary to what many people think, artificial intelligence can be an excellent ally for human teams in the development of certain tasks. One form of help consists of providing information, for example, related to customers by building profiles and analysing purchasing behaviour, which in the end become recommendations and proposals to managers. For these artificial intelligence systems to provide useful information and recommendations, it is necessary for the system to be fed with information for a reasonable period of time. Just-in-time systems are based on artificial intelligence.

CUSTOMER SERVICE:

One of the manifestations of the application of AI in the customer service process is the use of chatbots, which allow virtual assistance services to be offered in real time from the website. Many of the efforts that companies are making at the technological level are aimed at perfecting their digital customer service tools.

ADVANTAGES OF USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE:

Increased productivity: The automation implied by AI leads to time savings accompanied by reduced costs, increased productivity as more tasks can be taken on and faster achievement of objectives.

• INCREASED INNOVATION:

Companies that adopt AI enter a virtuous circle as they have more time and resources dedicated to innovation. Machines take over routine tasks and people focus on creating new ideas that lead to new improvements and increased competitiveness.

• ERROR REDUCTION:

As machines learn through machine learning, computer systems record errors and avoid repeating them in the future.

EXAMPLES OF COMPANIES APPLYING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE:

Artificial intelligence is present in countless organisations and certainly in the most important companies in the world and they use it for multiple purposes.

Let us look at these practical examples:

IMPORTANT LEGAL CHANGES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE:

The adoption of the European regulation on artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the major challenges of 2023, a regulation that will advocate an ethical and anthropocentric approach to this technology, ensuring that AI solutions used in the European Union are ethical and respect privacy and fundamental European values.

At the Spanish level, the future entry into force of the regulation will be anticipated by the establishment in A Coruña of the Spanish Artificial Intelligence Supervisory Agency as the supervisory authority in this area.